can you go from an army apprenticeship to an officer role

The quick answer is yes you can. An army apprenticeship is joining as a soldier. Depending on a number of things; age, qualifications, recommendations etc you could look to commission 'from the ranks'. Your chain of command (ie your bosses) would need to be in support of this. You'd have several interviews and then go through exactly the same officer route - Army Offier Selection Board (AOSB) Briefing and then AOSB Main Board. Quite often serving soldiers, after completing the AOSB Briefing will get a Potential Officer Development Course pass - which is an 11 week course prior to attempting AOSB main board.
You might decide that you really enjoy being a soldier and then commission later as a senior soldier - this is called Late Entry Commission and is a different process.